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Federal judge declares Calif. executions unconstitutional
Michael Morales will remain on death row for murder of Lodi teenager Terri Lynn Winchell 25 years ago
A federal judge ruled Friday that if the convicted murderer of a Tokay High School student is executed under current state guidelines, it will violate the U.S. Constitution.
The decision does not, however, mean that Michael Morales will leave San Quentin's death row, where he has been held since being convicted of the 1981 rape and murder of 17-year-old Terri Lynn Winchell.
California's current method of lethal injection "is broken but can be fixed," U.S. District Judge Jeremy Fogel said in a 17-page written ruling.
He suggested that California authorities review the process, consult experts and compare it with other states that use lethal injection. He gave the state 30 days to decide whether to conduct such a review and, if so, how long it will take.
Andrea Lynn Hoch, legal affairs secretary for Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, said in a statement that the state will review the lethal injection protocol and "will continue to defend the death penalty and ensure the will of the people is represented throughout the ongoing court proceedings."
The decision is the latest in a nationwide challenge to lethal injection — the preferred execution method in 37 states — and came as Florida Gov. Jeb Bush suspended all executions there after a botched execution this week. Missouri's injection method, which is similar to California's, was declared unconstitutional last month by a federal judge.
Fogel pointed out that the U.S. Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld executions by various means, because the punishment is mentioned in the Constitution. The court has not, however, waded into the lethal injection debate.
Morales was scheduled to be executed Feb. 21 of last year after his appeals ran out and Schwarzenegger declined to commute his sentence.
Fogel had ordered anesthesiologists to monitor the execution to make sure Morales was unconscious before heart-stopping and paralyzing drugs were injected into his body. When the anesthesiologists learned that they would be responsible for halting the execution if they thought Morales might still be conscious, they backed out and the execution was canceled.
Fogel then held a four-day court hearing in September to address the execution process, effectively issuing a moratorium on California's death penalty. Rather than change the injection procedure, the state defended it.
"What our state has done instead, unlike Florida, is to thumb its nose and be petulant about whether their execution process comported with the Eighth Amendment," said David Senior, Morales' lead attorney.
The matter has come before Fogel in three separate capital cases — his court has jurisdiction over Marin County, where San Quentin is located — and Fogel sought to permanently resolve the matter.
The sole question, he wrote, was whether California's lethal injection process "provides constitutionally adequate assurance that condemned inmates will be unconscious when they are injected with pancuronium bromide and potassium chloride," the drugs that paralyze the body and stop the heart.
Civil rights groups immediately hailed Fogel's decision.
"Every day the evidence mounts that the United States is using unacceptably cruel methods to put people to death," said Jamie Fellner, a Human Rights Watch director.
However, Fogel began his ruling with a lengthy disclaimer that he was not deciding the moral debate surrounding the death penalty itself. He also said he did not want to compare lethal injection with the "horrific suffering of the young woman (Morales) raped and murdered."
Winchell was four months away from her Tokay High graduation when she disappeared Jan. 8, 1981.
Police ultimately determined that she had been killed because Morales' cousin, Ricky Ortega, was secretly involved in a sexual relationship with Winchell's boyfriend and was jealous of her. So the two lured Winchell into a car, under the pretense of buying a present for a friend, and headed north.
As Ortega drove, Morales reached from the back seat and began strangling Winchell with a belt, though she fought hard enough to break it. The car stopped in an Acampo vineyard, where Morales beat her 23 times in the head with a hammer, raped her and then stabbed her in the chest before leaving her to die.
Ortega, who led authorities to her body, was sentenced to life in prison without parole. Morales, who has since expressed remorse, was sentenced to death in 1983.
Fogel argued that those who face execution will die with more peace than their victims.
"Needless to say, when properly administered, lethal injection results in a death that is far kinder than that suffered by the victims of capital crimes," Fogel said in his ruling.
However, he said, the current lethal injection procedure "lacks both reliability and transparency."
He cited several deficiencies in the state's current procedure:
• Inconsistent screening of execution team members, including the fact that the team leader had been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder and another team member had been disciplined for smuggling drugs into San Quentin.
• Lack of training about the drugs and procedures used.
• Inconsistent record-keeping and not accounting for the drugs.
• Improperly mixing the drugs used in an execution.
• Poor lighting and overcrowding in the execution chamber.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
Contact reporter Layla Bohm at layla@lodinews.com.
First published: Friday, December 15, 2006

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