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A car passes a San Joaquin County call box on Highway 88 on Thursday. Emergency call boxes may soon become obsolete with more and more drivers carrying cell phones. (Dan Evans/News-Sentinel)

Roadside call boxes: Obsolete or a lifeline?

By Robert D. Dávila
Scripps-McClatchy News Service
Monday, May 16, 2005 6:58 AM PDT

Freeway call-box programs in California are preparing to spend millions of dollars on technology improvements, despite declining demand as more motorists take their cell phones on the road.

With more than 15,000 call boxes statewide, operators are scrambling to meet a 2007 deadline for new telecommunications requirements. In addition, a federal lawsuit filed last month, which seeks class-action status, could require all call boxes to add TTY devices for motorists with hearing disabilities.

Meanwhile, usage of the roadside yellow boxes has plummeted, a trend widely attributed to proliferating cell phones. In Los Angeles County, monthly calls fell from a peak of 80,000 in the early 1990s to 10,000 recently.

Nevertheless, supporters said, call boxes remain a vital service for travelers who have no other link to assistance, especially on isolated rural roads. In addition, funding for the program helps support other transportation improvements, officials said.

With 4,000 call boxes, the Los Angeles County Service Authority for Freeways and Expressways operates the biggest call-box system in the state. The program costs $2 million annually.

"We're providing at the minimum a lifeline service for those who don't have a cell phone," said Byron Lee of the Los Angeles County SAFE.

"Ten thousand calls a month is a lot of calls."

Spaced a quarter-mile to two miles apart, call boxes line about 6,300 miles of highways in more than half of California's 58 counties.

The solar-powered phones are maintained by local SAFEs with funding from a $1 fee on vehicle registrations.

Calls are answered by the California Highway Patrol or privately contracted dispatchers. Some SAFEs also help fund freeway service patrols, which roam local highways during commute hours to help stalled motorists.

SAFEs face new funding issues as they upgrade call boxes from analog to digital signals within two years to meet new standards in the telecommunications industry. In Los Angeles County, the conversion cost is estimated at $8 million, Lee said.

Local operators are studying ways to balance the cost of service with declining call-box usage, said Kenneth Kao of CalSAFE, a statewide group.

In the San Francisco Bay Area, the Metropolitan Transportation Commission last year removed 900 call boxes by increasing spacing on some freeways from a quarter-mile to three-quarters of a mile.

Other ideas include beefing up freeway service patrols.

The MTC will spend $5.6 million to convert its remaining 2,650 call boxes to digital technology and TTY devices, Kao said.

By agreeing to install equipment for deaf callers, the agency avoided being sued in a federal case alleging call boxes in nine areas violate anti-discrimination laws because they lack text telecommunication devices for hard-of-hearing motorists.

One of the defendants, Capitol Valley Regional SAFE, operates 1,500 call boxes in El Dorado, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Sutter, Yolo and Yuba counties. The Sacramento Area Council of Governments, or SACOG, which manages SAFE, plans to add TTY and convert the phones to digital signals at the same time.

The total estimated cost is $3.3 million.

Calls on Capitol Valley's system have dropped steadily from about 72,000 annually in 1995, the first full year of operation, to 25,600 last year.

The operating cost is $1.3 million annually.

Despite declining usage, "upward of 20,000 people a year still using the service is significant," said SACOG Executive Director Mike McKeever. In addition, he said, call-box funding also supports freeway service patrols and attracts matching federal dollars for SACOG's Intelligent Transportation Systems program, which provides freeway ramp meters, reader boards on highways and traffic-control systems that optimize traffic signals in the capital and Sacramento County.

"Because of the way this funding is structured, we would lose access to other important transportation related program funds if we decided to shut down the call boxes," McKeever said.

He said that only the Legislature can change funding for call boxes.

Meanwhile, call boxes remain essential security tools for travelers who don't have cell phones. Ken Kresse of the California Center for Law and the Deaf, which filed the federal lawsuit, noted that deaf motorists don't use cell phones.

Many rely on e-mail pagers, he said, although signal coverage is spotty in isolated areas.

Sacramento County resident Lyle Hinks, a plaintiff in the lawsuit, was driving with two young sons when a flat tire stranded them on Highway 99 near Fresno.

Unable to use a call box without TTY equipment and concerned about walking with his children, they waited in 100-degree weather for four hours before a motorist stopped to help.

"As I look at it, under the Americans with Disabilities Act, if the call boxes are available to the general public, then they should be made available to me and to other deaf and hard-of-hearing people," Hinks said.

"Not only because it is my right, but also because it's for my safety and for the safety of whoever rides with me."

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